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Norfolk city, VA

RANK #489 / 996  ·  POP 236,973  ·  VA

PROJECTED GROWTH: +0.8%

Norfolk city's economy is holding up, but population decline raises questions about long-term trajectory.

[01] Why Norfolk city?

Norfolk, Virginia, a city with a deep connection to the water, is perhaps best known as home to Naval Station Norfolk, the world's largest naval base. Located at the junction of the Elizabeth River and the Chesapeake Bay, it forms part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. Commuting within the region often involves bridges and tunnels, which can lead to traffic congestion during peak hours. The city offers diverse neighborhoods, from historic districts like Ghent with its walkable streets and early 20th-century homes, to beachside communities in Ocean View. Outdoor recreation is abundant, with 144 miles of shoreline, including Chesapeake Bay beachfront, and amenities like the Norfolk Botanical Garden and the Elizabeth River Trail.

Life in Norfolk offers a blend of urban energy and coastal living. The presence of the military, along with institutions like Old Dominion University and Eastern Virginia Medical School, contributes to a steady demand for housing. While public school performance can vary, private school options are available. The local economy is driven by its maritime heritage, military presence, and advancements in healthcare. Recent economic developments include investments in commercial and residential properties, as well as growth in the energy and logistics sectors.

[02] Market Snapshot

Housing Ratio
2.9x

Undervalued relative to economy

GDP Growth
+0.9%

Well below national median

Home Prices
+0.3%

Well below national median

Climate & Terrain
0.5

Moderate climate & terrain

Price/Rent
12x

Below national median (13x)

Housing looks undervalued at 2.9x — home prices are low relative to local economic output. The typical U.S. county is 4–6x.

[03] Signal Profile

[04] Home Value Growth vs National

Norfolk city U.S. National

The Numbers

DEMOGRAPHICS
Population
236,973
-0.66% YoY
Median Household Income
$60,998
Median Home Value
$254,200
+0.35% 12mo
Median Rent
$1,188
Average Annual Pay
$72,432
+3.4% YoY
Employment
144,085
+2.3% YoY
Income-to-Home-Value
0.24
Near national average
Migration Inflow
6.0%
of pop. from another state

Market Activity

REAL ESTATE
Building Permits (2024)
438
Single-Family Permits
145

[05] Capital Investment

$10,780M
TOTAL
PROJECT AMOUNT STATUS
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (CVOW) Commercial Project
Dominion Energy
$9,800M Under Construction
MacArthur Center Redevelopment
City of Norfolk
$500M Planned
Portsmouth Marine Terminal Repurposing (Offshore Wind Logistics Hub)
The Port of Virginia
$220M Under Construction
Norfolk Naval Shipyard Combined Heat & Power Plant and Battery Storage
U.S. Navy & Ameresco Federal Solutions
$173M Completed
Community Solar Portfolio (Landfill Solar Farm & Naval Station Norfolk Solar Farm)
City of Norfolk, U.S. Navy
$57M Planned/Completed
Tidewater Gardens Redevelopment
City of Norfolk and Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority
$30M Under Construction

Source: public records, news, corporate announcements. Amounts are estimates where noted.

[06] Score Breakdown

GDP Growth +0.9% 16 percentile
Population Growth -0.7% 7 percentile
Income Growth +8.4% 49 percentile
Vacancy Rate 1.6% 17 percentile
Home Price Change +0.3% 35 percentile
Rent Growth +5.5% 84 percentile
Price/Rent 12x 61 percentile

Bars show percentile rank among all 996 counties.

[07] Frequently Asked Questions

Is Norfolk city, VA a good place to move to?

Norfolk city has a Boom Town Index score of 51/100, ranking #489 among 996 U.S. counties. With job growth at +2.3% and a median household income of $60,998, it's an above-average county on economic indicators.

Is Norfolk city affordable?

The median home value in Norfolk city is $254,200 with median rent at $1,188/month. The income-to-home-value ratio is 0.24, which is less affordable than the national average.

Is Norfolk city growing or shrinking?

Population growth: -0.7% year-over-year. Job growth: +2.3%. Home values changed +0.3% in the past 12 months.

Are people moving to Norfolk city?

Yes — 6.0% of Norfolk city's population moved from another state, which is above the national average and indicates strong in-migration.

[08] Similar Metros

Bedford County, TN 61 Douglas County, NE 61 Lawrence County, PA 61 Carroll County, NH 61 Barnstable County, MA 61 Cumberland County, TN 61 Washington County, VA 61 Crow Wing County, MN 61